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Problems

A curated collection of 23 common Low-Level Design (LLD) interview problems, ranked by probability of being asked in SDE 2 interviews.

Legend:

  • Very High (80-100%): Must prepare. Asked in almost every LLD round.

  • High (60-80%): Frequently asked.

  • Medium (20-60%): Domain-specific or less common.


The Complete Problem List

This section contains detailed solutions and explanations for all 23 problems:

Very High Priority (Must Prepare)

  1. Design Parking Lot - Singleton, Factory, Strategy, Concurrency

  2. Design Rate Limiter - Token Bucket, Thread-Safety, Decorator

  3. Design Tic-Tac-Toe - Game Loop, 2D Arrays, Validation Logic

  4. Design Vending Machine - State Pattern, State Machine, Money Handling

  5. Design Splitwise - Graph Simplification, Strategy (Splits), User/Group

High Priority (Frequently Asked)

  1. Design Snake & Ladder - Game Entity, Observer, Strategy (Dice)

  2. Design Elevator System - State Pattern, Scheduling Algorithms (SCAN/LOOK)

  3. Design Comment System - Materialized Path (Trees), Recursion, Database Design

  4. Design Hotel Management - Booking Factory, Date Concurrency, Singleton

  5. Design Cache (LRU/LFU) - Doubly Linked List + HashMap, Generics

  6. Design Locker Service - Geo-hashing, Locker Size Matching, Inheritance

Medium Priority (Domain-Specific)

  1. Design Coupon System - Composite Pattern, Chain of Responsibility

  2. Design Mentorship Platform - Booking availability, Conflict resolution

  3. Design Logger Library - Chain of Responsibility, Singleton, Sink Strategy

  4. Design Minesweeper - Flood Fill (DFS/BFS), Recursion

  5. Design File System / S3 - Composite Pattern, Metadata vs Data, Permissions

  6. Design Search Engine - Inverted Index, Tries, Tokenization

  7. Design Tetris - Matrix Rotation, Factory Pattern, Game Loop

  8. Design Version Control - Graph (DAG), Hashing (SHA-1), Merkle Tree

  9. Design Tunneling Service - Reverse Proxy, Socket Programming

  10. Design Text Editor - Gap Buffer/Rope, Command Pattern, Undo/Redo

  11. Design Download Manager - Multi-threading, HTTP Ranges, File Merging

  12. Design Unlock Pattern - DFS/Backtracking, Validation Logic


Preparation Strategy

  1. Tier 1 (Fire ): Implement these from scratch 3 times. These are your bread and butter.

  • Parking Lot, Rate Limiter, Vending Machine, Tic-Tac-Toe, Splitwise.

  1. Tier 2 (Green ): Understand the Class Diagram and Key Design Pattern.

  • Elevator, Snake & Ladder, Comments, Hotel, LRU Cache.

  1. Tier 3 (Yellow ): Read the code to understand specific algorithms (e.g. QuadTree for Locker, Tries for Search).


Click on any problem above to view its detailed solution and implementation.

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